Afaik inflation, even in the economics sense of the word, is just the increase in the price of things. We have different measures or inflation, e.g in the UK (and probably similarly in many other countries) we often measure inflation, for the purposes of fiscal policy, via consumer and retail price indexes, literally the cost of a certain range of items.

Printing money eventually causes prices to rise because there’s more money in circulation but the same number of goods, thus the prices increase (eventually). It’s a cause of inflation, not the cause.

They said not generally intelligent, which is a specific and important property of AGI, not AI. In the tic tac toe example, the AI is intelligent (can play tic tac toe), but this intelligence cannot be generalised to playing chess, appreciating art, whatever the general measures may be.