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it’s incorrect bc it destroys multibyte characters

It doesn’t. As the poster two levels up said, all bytes that don’t represent an ASCII character have the high bit set, even the follow-up bytes in multibyte sequences. So the condition b >= 32 will match and preserve them.

The question asks for “the best” way to do it (making it opinion based) and forbids a potential solution without explaining why (it’s clearly some kind of assignment, but that doesn’t matter here). And it has plenty of answers both using Boost and in pure C++, so I’m not sure why that wasn’t enough for you. Just because it’s closed doesn’t mean the answers already provided are bad.

Maybe a good option for projects that you don’t want anyone else to contribute to, but then why make them open source in the first place?

Because, at least to some people, open source is more about user freedom (to modify the software and share the modifications with anyone they wish) and less about collaboration.

For example every time I publish some simple utility that I wrote for myself and decided could be useful for other people, I release it under a reasonable open source license and pretty much forget about it - I’m not going to be accepting merge requests, I don’t have time to maintain random tiny projects. If I ever need to use the utility for something it doesn’t quite do, I’ll check if any of the forks seem to have implemented it. If not, I’ll just implement it in my repo.

The reason I’m publishing the code is because I know how much it sucks when you find some proprietary freeware utility that almost does what you need, but you can’t fix it for your usecase on account of it being proprietary for no reason (well, author’s choice is the reason, and I respect it, but it’s still annoying)

Virtual memory isn’t swap, it is a mechanism that allows the operating system to give processes a view of memory that is almost completely decoupled from real physical memory and other processes. For example some programs require their code and data to be placed at exact memory locations in order to work - virtual memory allows you to run as many of these programs as you wish, because one process’s address 0x1000 has nothing to do with another one’s 0x1000, unless they set it up as shared memory (but even the same chunk of shared memory might be mapped to different addresses in the processes that share it).

Swapping is a cool trick that you can do with virtual memory, though. Basically you store a piece of memory somewhere outside the physical memory, and then make the address invalid in virtual memory. When the process tries to access it, it will crash. The OS will be notified of the crash, see that it was due to the process trying to access swapped out memory, load the chunk back from disk (maybe to a different physical location), update the virtual memory to correctly point to this chunk, and restart the crashed process from the instruction that caused the crash. So from the point of view of the process, nothing went wrong at all, except that one instruction took a very long time to execute.

Also, isn’t it harmful to SSDs?

Swapping doesn’t do enough writes to matter, unless your system is running really low on RAM.

xfwm is XFCE’s window manager, and it’s eating almost 30% of the total system memory, so that’s the prime suspect (I’m not exactly sure how much it interacts with other apps, so it’s possible something else is forcing xfwm to use all that memory, but that is IMHO unlikely).

An ugly “fix” is to log out and log back in (yes, not much better than just rebooting), or you could try to somehow restart xfwm - running xfvm --replace in terminal might work.

Edit: there’s an issue on the Manjaro forums that might be related: https://forum.manjaro.org/t/xfwm4-memory-leak-since-4-20/173910/7

That was my deleted comment, but then I realized the article specifies they are Rome CPUs (Zen 2), while the 4000 series of EPYCs is based on Zen 4

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I don’t think overheating would cause random corruptions (it should throttle down when overheating, and then shut down if the temperature gets too high even when throttled, but there should never be an incorrect result of any computation), and surely the RAM will run at the standard 2133 speed on default settings - OP says they reset the BIOS settings to default between CPU swaps.

A simple rm -rf says hello

Only true if you don’t know what you’re doing. The only reason any network is safe at all is NAT and Firewalls that come with it.

I don’t have to worry about devices on a local network in as far as firewalls go, I can expose anything I want, in fact I delete iptables at first sight on any new distro install or VM, so long as none of it is port forwarded and everything is behind NAT it’s all okay. My network is my castle. Thanks technology! Thanks smart people for figuring this out!

NAT is not a security mechanism. If you set up a NAT with an otherwise permissive firewall, your router will happily forward any incoming packets destined for RFC 1918 addresses inside, no questions asked. I use this for a “lab” network that I sometimes want accessible from the bigger LAN - the lab router doesn’t have any rules for dropping incoming packets (only blocks some outgoing traffic), and all I have to do on the main router to get this working is to set a static route to the internal lab network through the lab router’s “external” IP.

And yes, practically it’s a security nightmare to have any IP of any computer accessible from the internet. If you go around configuring firewalls forever you might get it right but oh boy one mistake and you’re done for. Instead, consider NAT, the solution to all problems. I’m writing this behind quadruple NAT rn and it’s honestly fairly easy to manage, I’ve been too lazy to change it, not that I’d advise anything more than 1 necessarily.

accept established, related; drop incoming. That’s all you need to get the same security as a NAT with a proper firewall. Outgoing connections will get marked and have return traffic allowed, everything incoming without related outgoing traffic gets dropped. Want to “port forward”? Add a rule that allows incoming traffic to a specific IP/port/protocol triplet. Done. Don’t know how to make sure a client stays reachable on a specific address? Give it that specific IP address in addition to the one it autogenerates. This was always possible with IPv4, too, it’s just that the tiny address space made it impractical to use.

How do you get the equivalent of NAT punchthrough (which is unreliable with many NAT implementations) when you want to do a VoIP call without having to bounce all the data through a central server? Simple, you can just tell both clients the other one’s IP and port, have them spam each other for a tiny while with messages and eventually a message gets through both firewalls. It is very similar to NAT punchthrough, except you don’t have to guess how the NATs work and it’ll reliably connect.

Yikes! That’s a lot to type to hammer in a nail that sticks out (Android). Thanks but no thanks. I’ll find some way to cripple mDNS on the non-compliant device instead.

Not sure why you’d regularly need to type out the whole thing. Also not sure why you picked .local when .lan is also incorrectly used for this purpose and is shorter (and isn’t yet assigned to any conflicting technology)

So are you saying you run some sort of mDNS server(not sure what the word would be there)/provider? Why? How?

The point of mDNS is that devices auto discover each other on a network without a central authority. The word multicast in multicast DNS is the key. And the reason I use it is because… it just works. There’s no need to configure it, it works like this by default on pretty much every OS. Set the hostname and you’re done, .local now works. You can even bridge it across networks with a mDNS repeater available on many routers.

Given the ambiguity of certificates everywhere, malicious devices on the local network posing as a different server are not an issue (and it’s not like they couldn’t hijack the IP address in any flat network anyway).

Well don’t build your network around unassigned TLDs.

Also NAT does literally nothing other than being a massive PITA, so… yeah, I don’t think there’s much I can agree with in your rant.

Like, oh no, fully functional point to point connectivity across the internet, how terrible

Edit: .home.arpa is actually designated as local TLD, and is what I use for a crappy old tablet that doesn’t support mDNS

That’s a reasonable per-core size, and it doesn’t make much sense to add all the cores up if your goal is to fit your data within L2 (like in the article)

That’s more of a storage thing, RAM does a lot smaller transfers - for example a DDR5 memory has two independent 32bit (4 byte) channels with a minimum of 16 transfers in a single “operation”, so it does 64 bytes at once (or more). And CPUs don’t waste memory bandwidth than transferring more than absolutely necessary, as memory is often the bottleneck even without writing full pages.

The page size is relevant for memory protection (where the CPU will stop the program execution and give control back to the operating system if said program tries to do something it’s not allowed to do with the memory) and virtual memory (which is part of the same thing, but they are two theoretically independent concepts). The operating system needs to make a table describing what memory the program has what kind of access to, and with bigger pages the table can be much smaller (at the cost of wasting space if the program needs only a little bit of memory of a given kind).

My two cents: the only time I had an issue with Btrfs, it refused to mount without using a FS repair tool (and was fine afterwards, and I knew which files needed to be checked for possible corruption). When I had an issue with ext4, I didn’t know about it until I tried to access an old file and it was 0 bytes - a completely silent corruption I found out probably months after it actually happened.

Both filesystems failed, but one at least notified me about it, while the second just “pretended” everything was fine while it ate my data.